Motivational Factors Influencing Doctoral Degree Pursuit Among Students in Public and Private Universities in Kenya

Abstract

Doctoral education is a critical component of knowledge creation and economic development. In Kenya, demand for PhD graduates has increased due to the rapid expansion of higher education institutions and the need for highly qualified professionals. However, completion rates remain low, raising concerns about the motivations behind students’ decisions to pursue doctoral studies. This study examines the key motivational factors influencing students' pursuit of doctoral degrees in Kenyan public and private universities. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 307 doctoral students through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that career advancement (78%), personal fulfillment (65%), and societal expectations (47%) are the primary motivators for enrolling in PhD programs. Institutional factors such as funding availability and academic support also play a crucial role in influencing students’ decisions. However, financial constraints, work-study balance, and limited research resources present major challenges to doctoral persistence and completion. The study further highlights differences in motivational factors between students in public and private universities, with private university students being more driven by career growth and public university students influenced by institutional sponsorship opportunities. Based on these findings, the study recommends policies aimed at enhancing financial support, structured mentorship, and career development programs to improve doctoral accessibility and retention rates.