Digital Choices for Mental Health: Preferred Online Platforms Used by University Students in Nairobi

Abstract

Globally, there is a growing trend toward using online platforms such as mobile applications, social media, and virtual counseling services as accessible and cost-effective alternatives to traditional therapy. In Kenya, and specifically in Nairobi County, this shift is evident, yet limited empirical data exists on students' preferred platforms for managing psychological health concerns. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to examine the preferred online platforms used by undergraduate students in Nairobi County to manage psychological distress. The study target population comprised 400 undergraduate students, with 100 participants drawn from each academic year (first through fourth year). From this pool, 40 participants were purposively selected based on the results of the DASS-21 screening tool, which identified individuals presenting with severe to extremely severe levels of anxiety, stress, or depression. These participants underwent six weeks of online therapy, using Zoom, Google Meet, or WhatsApp platforms. Thematic analysis of participant responses was conducted using NVivo software. Findings indicated that Zoom was the most preferred platform, followed by Google Meet and WhatsApp. Key factors influencing choice included convenience, accessibility, ease of use, and perceived anonymity. The research is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), as it offers a robust theoretical framework for understanding the underlying factors that influence students' choices of digital platforms for mental health support.  A minority of participants avoided professional e-therapy platforms due to concerns over cost and internet connectivity. The study highlights the importance of designing mental health interventions that align with students’ digital usage patterns and platform preferences. It calls on universities and researchers to move beyond recommendations and actively invest in the creation and adoption of culturally sensitive, student-centered digital tools that can be embedded within campus mental health systems to deliver measurable improvements in student wellbeing.