POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MOSHI DISTRICT, KILIMANJARO REGION, TANZANIA

Abstract

Forests constitute essential natural resources whose environmental functions are invaluable. They vary in size, distribution, and type, yet worldwide, forest ecosystems are undergoing significant alteration, leading to declines in both their ecological value and spatial extent. This study examined the relationship between population dynamics and sustainable forest management in Moshi District, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. A descriptive research design integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Data were drawn from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis guides. The sample comprised 39 Village Executive Officers, 14 Ward Executive Officers from 14 wards, and five key informants. Simple random sampling was used to select Village Executive Officers, while purposive sampling was applied for Ward Executive Officers and key informants. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 21) and presented through graphs, frequency tables, and figures. The study revealed that rising demand for forest resources, frequent fires, and heavy dependence on firewood and charcoal, along with land uses such as mining, quarrying, agriculture, settlement expansion, and construction activities, have accelerated deforestation in the district. This has resulted in challenges to sustainable forest management. Measures undertaken to promote forest sustainability include the enforcement of strict laws and policies, regular tree planting, and the active involvement of local communities, NGOs, and other stakeholders. However, some practices such as proper land use planning, soil conservation, and the adoption of green energy remain poorly implemented. The study recommends forest restoration and rehabilitation, alongside enhanced financial support for research and development, to strengthen sustainable forest management practices in Moshi District. Future studies should replicate this research in other settings to enhance the generalizability of findings and explore the role of green energy in promoting sustainable forest management.