The Impact of Ethnicity and Political Representation in Busia County (2002–2022)

Abstract

This article examines the influence of ethnicity on leadership, elections, and governance in Busia County from 2002 to 2022. It highlights how ethnic identities have shaped voting patterns, political appointments, and resource allocation. The study employs descriptive representation theory to analyze these dynamics. Data was collected through interview guides, focus group discussions, and archival sources, complemented by a review of relevant literature and document analysis.  The findings indicate that ethnicity serves as a catalyst for political engagement and as an obstacle to progress. While ethnic mobilization significantly enhances political participation, it also exacerbates divisions and inequalities in representation. Political leaders often exploit ethnic identity to garner electoral support, which hinders the potential of devolution to foster national unity. Furthermore, ethnic narratives continue to influence election campaigns and voting behaviors, occasionally resulting in heightened tensions within the community.